Heat-loving Wisteria Sinensis - Chinese wisteria of exceptional beauty. Description, cultivation and reproduction

Wisteria sinensis is a plant of exceptional beauty and a dream for any gardener. The divine Ava from the movie "Avatar" was copied from her. One of the unofficial names for Wisteria is blue rain (or a waterfall), and in bloom it really creates a similar impression.

The name "Chinese Wisteria" was assigned to Wisteria because it was brought to Europe from China at the beginning of the 19th century by the English botanist John Sims.

However, its main name was given in honor of Caspar Wistar, a professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, and was originally called Wistaria. The Latin name of this beauty is Wisteria Sinensis. Botanists classify it as a creeper of the legume family and are classified as deciduous, decorative foliage and decorative flowering.

Description

Wisteria is valued for its long lush flowering and unusually picturesque combination of dark green foliage and bluish-lilac or less often white flowers. Due to these qualities, it is widely used in landscape design.

Climbing plant, can reach 20 m in height, creeper branches need support. The stems always wrap around the support counterclockwise. Also exists in the form of a bonsai houseplant. The appearance of leaves and flowers on a plant occurs synchronously. Flowers throughout the plant open almost simultaneously. They are collected in large brushes up to 30 cm and cascade down, individually resemble butterflies and have a light delicate aroma.

There are cases when the length of the flower brush of Chinese Wisteria reached one and a half meters. Sometimes it can bloom repeatedly in August. Leaves are unpaired, consisting of 10-12 separate leaflets: young dark green, pubescent, adults lighter and less pubescent. In the fall, they turn yellow-green.

The fruit of Wisteria is a cracking pubescent gray-yellow bean in which there are up to 3 seeds. Chinese wisteria blooms from May to the end of summer, prefers a subtropical climate, but can also acclimatize in the cool.

Distributed in East Asia, in the east of the USA, it is found in southern Europe, cultivated in the Caucasus, Crimea, Transcarpathia and the Northern Black Sea region.

Care

One cannot call Chinese wisteria a capricious plant, but it, like any other, has its own preferences for care.

• Temperature. Growing wisteria in room conditions is possible in a flowerpot or flower pot with a volume of at least 15 liters. The plant is formed in the form of a standard tree.

  With the onset of the warm season, the flowerpot is taken out to the site or loggia, and with the approach of winter it is brought to the veranda or to the greenhouse, where it is possible to maintain the temperature not lower than +15^aboutC. Garden Wisteria requires a temperate or warm climate. If the ambient temperature drops significantly during the winter, shelter will be required.

• Shine. Wisteria originally lived in the mountains at an altitude of about 1800 meters above sea level, so the bright sun is necessary and desirable for her. Indoors, she will be comfortable on the south, south-east and south-west windows, in the garden - on the lighted side.
• Watering. Watering should be plentiful during the period of active growth, then moderate. Excess moisture will cause Wisteria to drop leaves and buds. In summer, you can spray it additionally, and in September, reduce watering to a minimum so that it prepares for wintering.
• Pruning. Pruning is a condition for lush flowering and is necessary for the plant, especially in room conditions. Leafy, lateral and vegetative shoots are removed. In late spring or early summer, the old shoots are shortened by 4 buds, and in the fall, after falling off the leaves, new ones are cut. In early spring, last year's shoots are shortened by 2 buds.
• Top dressing. During flowering, Wisteria needs to be fertilized 1-2 times a week, while it is better to alternate liquid mineral fertilizing with organic. Phosphorus fertilizers will provide more magnificent flowering, and nitrogenous is better to refuse, since this is a legume plant. In winter, the plant does not need fertilizer.
• Pot. The wisteria tank must be spacious and heavy. The plant has a powerful root system and a lush crown, and the counterweight to the crown should be significant. Ceramic pots with a minimum volume of 15 liters are recommended.
• Priming. Land for Wisteria needs slightly alkaline, light and fertile: a mixture of 3 parts of turf land, 1 sand, peat and humus. Drainage is necessary. Black earth is too heavy for it, calcareous soils are harmful. When planting wisteria in open ground, it is necessary to fill the hole with a suitable soil mixture.
• Transfer. It is recommended to transplant young indoor wisteria annually in the spring, so that the new soil gives it strength for flowering. Adult plants need a transplant once every 2-3 years.

Propagation Features

If it is possible to grow wisteria from seeds, then varietal qualities are rarely transmitted to this plant and such a tree will bloom at least 6 years later. Nevertheless, you can try this method. Seeds are sown in the greenhouse in winter, and in open ground in early spring. Sprouting will have to wait soon, but it is noticed that such plants are more resilient and hardy.

A more natural way of propagation of this plant is vegetative.

• Cutting is carried out in the fall:
  1. Cut a young vine and divide it into cuttings.
  2. Then they bind, bury it in a damp base and clean it in a cool place.
  3. In spring, cuttings can be planted, covered with plastic bottles, or in a greenhouse, or in a permanent place.

  The survival rate is 45-55%.

• Rooting of layering: after falling leaves, the lower shoots are pressed to the ground and sprinkled with soil, then fixed. In the spring, buds will begin to appear. By next fall, they check how the root system has developed, in most cases, layering can be dug up and transplanted to a new place.
• Winter cuttings:
  1. In February, a wisteria shoot with several buds is taken, it is divided along and cut into cuttings so that there is a kidney in the center of each.
  2. Then cuttings are planted in temporary pots, sprinkled with sand and kept in a greenhouse until rooting.
• This year's shoots are one of the best ways.
  1. Cuttings are treated with phytohormone, keeping them in solution for 12 hours.
  2. Then washed with running water and placed in a greenhouse with a substrate of equal parts of the earth, peat and sand.
  3. Watered once a day. When the first shoots appear, watering is reduced to one in three days.
  4. In autumn, you can transfer the sprouts to a sunny place.
• Winter vaccination on pieces of roots is the most difficult, but gives a good result. As a stock, roots of non-grape wisteria are used.
  In autumn, seedlings are dug up and cut off the roots, buried in sand pots and cleaned in a cool dark place.
  1. In January or February, they are transferred to a warmer room, seedlings of varietal wisteria with 1-2 buds and a sharp cut are taken, a similar cut is made at the top of the rootstock stock, they are combined and fixed with a band-aid.
  2. Then, the obtained specimens are planted in a nutrient substrate and covered with a film or glass to create a greenhouse effect.
  3. It is necessary to maintain humidity not less than 80% and air temperature not lower than +15^aboutFROM.

  If successful, after 3-4 weeks, the cuttings will grow and give the first shoots.

Diseases and Pests

1. Most often wisteria affects aphids. The plant becomes sticky, the shoots are bent. The parasite can be controlled by spraying with insecticides twice after 10 days.
2. Clover tick also likes to settle on wisteria, it manifests itself with bronze spots on the leaves. You can destroy it with garlic tincture or melation, spraying after 2-3 weeks.
3. Pyriculariosis affects the wisteria flower buds. Sick branches with blackened kidneys need to be cut and burned, and against the pathogen - cicadas - treat the vine with a special insecticide.

Similar flowers

Wisteria is incomparable in beauty, but there are similarities in its flowering with other plants - in shape or color. It:

• Lilac.
• Bougainvillea.
• Thunbergia is large-flowered and blue.
• Jacaranda.
• Akebia.
• Bignonia capreolate.
• The begonia is ampelous.
• Thomson's Clerodendrum and Ugandan.
• Dendrobium.
• The caracal signal.
• Campsis.
• Bomarea.
• Strogilodon is large-bore.

Wisteria sinensis is a southern thermophilic plant. But do not despair if you live in the middle latitudes, and there is no way to decorate your garden with it. Thanks to modern selection, there are varieties of wisteria for indoor maintenance or a winter garden, where it is much easier to maintain the necessary conditions for its growth and development and enjoy the marvelous lilac radiance from spring to autumn.

Watch the video: Wisteria or Wysteria - How to grow and control Wisteria (November 2024).